{"id":17038,"date":"2018-02-18T22:21:00","date_gmt":"2018-02-18T21:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/penalex.kinsta.cloud\/your-rights\/who-are-the-participants-and-their-rights\/"},"modified":"2024-02-04T00:31:36","modified_gmt":"2024-02-03T23:31:36","slug":"who-are-the-participants-and-their-rights","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/en\/your-rights\/who-are-the-participants-and-their-rights\/","title":{"rendered":"Who are the participants and their rights?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1150681704\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<div class=\"row align-middle\"  id=\"row-1723296868\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1717081451\" class=\"col medium-8 small-12 large-8\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h1 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" >Participants in criminal proceedings and their rights<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h1><\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_2118399733\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner image-cover dark\" style=\"padding-top:35%;\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"738\" src=\"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Penalex_220425_180_\u00a9-Philippe-Weissbrodt-1106x800.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Penalex_220425_180_\u00a9-Philippe-Weissbrodt-1106x800.jpg 1106w, https:\/\/penalex.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Penalex_220425_180_\u00a9-Philippe-Weissbrodt-553x400.jpg 553w, https:\/\/penalex.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Penalex_220425_180_\u00a9-Philippe-Weissbrodt-768x556.jpg 768w, https:\/\/penalex.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Penalex_220425_180_\u00a9-Philippe-Weissbrodt-1536x1111.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/penalex.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Penalex_220425_180_\u00a9-Philippe-Weissbrodt-2048x1482.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/penalex.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Penalex_220425_180_\u00a9-Philippe-Weissbrodt-510x369.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_2118399733 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1048382370\" class=\"col medium-4 small-12 large-4 col-hover-focus\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner box-shadow-2 dark\" style=\"background-color:#9b2d3a;\" >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"ux-menu stack stack-col justify-start ux-menu--divider-solid\">\n\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"ux-menu-title flex\">\n\t\tYour rights\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div class=\"ux-menu-link flex menu-item\">\n\t\t<a class=\"ux-menu-link__link flex\" href=\"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/vos-droits\/le-deroulement-dune-procedure-penale\/\" >\n\t\t\t<i class=\"ux-menu-link__icon text-center icon-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<span class=\"ux-menu-link__text\">\n\t\t\t\tThe steps of the procedure\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div class=\"ux-menu-link flex menu-item\">\n\t\t<a class=\"ux-menu-link__link flex\" href=\"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/vos-droits\/quelles-autorites-impliquees\/\" >\n\t\t\t<i class=\"ux-menu-link__icon text-center icon-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<span class=\"ux-menu-link__text\">\n\t\t\t\tThe authorities\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div class=\"ux-menu-link flex menu-item\">\n\t\t<a class=\"ux-menu-link__link flex\" href=\"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/vos-droits\/quels-sont-les-participants-et-leurs-droits\/\" >\n\t\t\t<i class=\"ux-menu-link__icon text-center icon-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<span class=\"ux-menu-link__text\">\n\t\t\t\tParticipants and their rights\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div class=\"ux-menu-link flex menu-item\">\n\t\t<a class=\"ux-menu-link__link flex\" href=\"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/vos-droits\/quelles-sanctions-en-droit-suisse\/\" >\n\t\t\t<i class=\"ux-menu-link__icon text-center icon-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<span class=\"ux-menu-link__text\">\n\t\t\t\tThe sanctions\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div class=\"ux-menu-link flex menu-item\">\n\t\t<a class=\"ux-menu-link__link flex\" href=\"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/vos-droits\/detention-preventive\/\" >\n\t\t\t<i class=\"ux-menu-link__icon text-center icon-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<span class=\"ux-menu-link__text\">\n\t\t\t\tPre-trial detention\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div class=\"ux-menu-link flex menu-item\">\n\t\t<a class=\"ux-menu-link__link flex\" href=\"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/vos-droits\/que-se-passe-t-il-apres-la-condamnation\/\" >\n\t\t\t<i class=\"ux-menu-link__icon text-center icon-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<span class=\"ux-menu-link__text\">\n\t\t\t\tThe execution of sentences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div class=\"ux-menu-link flex menu-item\">\n\t\t<a class=\"ux-menu-link__link flex\" href=\"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/vos-droits\/le-casier-judiciaire\/\" >\n\t\t\t<i class=\"ux-menu-link__icon text-center icon-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<span class=\"ux-menu-link__text\">\n\t\t\t\tThe criminal record\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1048382370 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 20px 20px 20px 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1314170102\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-436232650\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\" style=\"background-color:rgb(248, 248, 248);\" >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<p>Each of us may be involved in a criminal proceeding (party or participant in the proceeding), whether as :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Accused<\/strong> when accused of committing an offence;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Injured<\/strong> or <strong>Victim<\/strong> when one is directly affected by an infraction;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Complainant<\/strong> when, as an injured party, one asks to intervene in the criminal proceedings to assert his rights;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Whistleblower<\/strong> when one has reported an offense;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Third party affected by the procedure<\/strong> when, without being warned, injured or denouncer, the criminal investigation affects us in one way or another.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-436232650 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 20px 20px 20px 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-514921195\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\" style=\"background-color:rgb(248, 248, 248);\" >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<p>In the same way, when one is summoned by an authority to be heard about an offence, one can be summoned alternatively with the <strong>status of an accused<\/strong>, the <strong>status of a person called to give information<\/strong> or the <strong>status of a witness<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Each of these statuses corresponds to specific and distinct rights and obligations<\/strong> (right to be heard, right of access to the file, right to silence, right to refuse to testify, etc.), to which the participant in the procedure must be particularly attentive if he does not want to jeopardize his rights.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-514921195 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 20px 20px 20px 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-2020217107\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1494969809\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<div class=\"accordion\">\n\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3754918882\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3754918882-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-the-defendant\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3754918882-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>The defendant<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3754918882-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3754918882-label\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<p>The <span style=\"color: #993300;\">\n  <strong>accused<\/strong>\n<\/span> is the one who is suspected, accused or <span style=\"color: #993300;\">\n  <strong>accused of committing an offence<\/strong>\n<\/span>. This is the person against whom the criminal proceedings are directed. If, at the end of the criminal proceedings, there is sufficient evidence of guilt, the accused will be sentenced or may be given a measure.<\/p>\n<p>The accused <span style=\"color: #993300;\">\n  <strong>has intangible rights<\/strong>\n<\/span>The accused has the right to remain silent, to refuse to collaborate, to have access to the file and to be assisted by a lawyer from the very first hearing by the police. The defendant&#8217;s first statements and initial choice of defense strategy are crucial to the rest of the proceedings.<\/p>\n<p>Consultation with an experienced attorney at the outset of the criminal proceedings is essential to choose the best defense strategy based on the client&#8217;s objectives and the specifics of the particular case.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3732885348\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3732885348-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-the-injured-party\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3732885348-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>The injured party<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3732885348-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3732885348-label\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<p>The <span style=\"color: #993300;\">\n  <strong>aggrieved<\/strong>\n<\/span> is any person whose rights (property, physical integrity, sexual integrity, honor, &#8230;) have been directly affected by a crime. The injured party can be a natural person or a legal entity. The injured party is not formally a party to the criminal proceedings. Thus his <span style=\"color: #993300;\">\n  <strong>only status of injured party does not<\/strong>\n  <strong> no access to the file, no right to compensation, no right to a<\/strong>\n<\/span> right to appeal against the decisions of the police, the Public Prosecutor&#8217;s Office or the Court. In order to do so, he\/she must expressly declare that he\/she wants to participate in the criminal proceedings as a criminal or civil plaintiff in the criminal proceedings, or file a criminal complaint. When the injured party is heard by a criminal prosecution authority, he or she has the same rights and obligations as a witness.<\/p>\n<p>The <span style=\"color: #993300;\">\n  <strong>victim<\/strong>\n<\/span> is an injured person who, as a result of an offence, has suffered direct physical, psychological or sexual harm. The victim <span style=\"color: #993300;\">\n  <strong>has specific rights to protect his\/her personality<\/strong>\n<\/span>The victim has the right to be protected by the law, such as the right to protective measures, the right to be accompanied by a support person, the right not to be confronted with the alleged offender or the right to refuse to testify.<\/p>\n<p>The <span style=\"color: #993300;\">\n  <strong>complaining party<\/strong>\n<\/span>is an injured party who has expressly stated that he or she wishes to participate as a criminal or civil plaintiff in the criminal proceedings, or who has filed a criminal complaint. It has the rights of the parties, such as the right of access to the file, the right to make submissions to the authorities and to participate in the proceedings, the right to appeal against the decisions of the prosecuting authorities or the right to have a lawyer\/legal counsel. In particular she <span style=\"color: #993300;\">\n  <strong>can claim compensation for her damage in the criminal proceedings<\/strong>\n<\/span>. When the complainant is heard by a prosecuting authority, he or she has the same rights and obligations as a person called upon to provide information.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2344753513\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2344753513-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-the-witness\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2344753513-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>The witness<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2344753513-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2344753513-label\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<p>The status of <strong>witness<\/strong> corresponds to the status of a person over 15 years of age and capable of discernment, who did not participate in the crime, but who is likely to make statements useful to the elucidation of the facts.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The injured party is heard as a witness<\/strong>, unless he or she has filed a complaint, in which case he or she is heard as a person called to give information.<\/p>\n<p>The witness has the<strong>obligation to testify<\/strong> and <strong>tell the truth<\/strong>. In some cases, especially when the witness has a personal relationship with the accused (spouse, parents, brothers and sisters, &#8230;) he can refuse to testify. Refusal to testify may occur at any time, even if the witness had initially agreed to testify.<\/p>\n<p>The witness <strong>may be assisted by a lawyer<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>It is also possible to request that research be done on a witness&#8217;s background and personal circumstances to assess credibility.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-235414110\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-235414110-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-the-person-called-upon-to-provide-information\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-235414110-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>The person called upon to provide information<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-235414110-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-235414110-label\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<p>The status of a <strong>person called to give information<\/strong> (PADR) is a hybrid status, halfway between an accused and a witness, because of the lesser credibility that can be given to his or her statements compared to those of a witness.<\/p>\n<p>Thus, <strong>the complainant is heard as a person called upon to provide information<\/strong>. The same applies to a person who is not yet 15 years old on the day of the hearing or who has a limited capacity for discernment, or to a person who is not an accused but who may have participated in the facts being investigated or in the commission of a related offence.<\/p>\n<p>With <strong>the exception of the complainant, persons called to give information are not required to make statements<\/strong> and may benefit from the provisions applicable to accused persons.<\/p>\n<p>As for the complainant, he or she is obliged to make statements, but may benefit from the provisions applicable to witnesses, particularly with regard to the right to refuse to testify on the basis of personal ties (spouse, parents, brothers and sisters, etc.).<\/p>\n<p><strong>The person called to give information may be assisted by a lawyer.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2682637265\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2682637265-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-the-whistleblower\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2682637265-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>The whistleblower<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2682637265-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2682637265-label\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<p>In criminal proceedings, <strong>the informer<\/strong> is any person or entity who reports the commission of an offence to the criminal authority without being involved in the commission of the offence or directly affected in his or her rights by the offence. For example, a bystander who witnesses a crime and calls the police to report it will be considered a whistleblower.<\/p>\n<p>The whistleblower has <strong>no other right in the procedure than to know what action has been taken on his or her report<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>However, if the informant is heard as a witness by the authority, he or she will have the <strong>rights of a witness<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, if the whistleblower is simultaneously an aggrieved or a complainant, then he or she will have the <strong>rights of the aggrieved or complainant<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-4119717374\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-4119717374-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-the-third-party-affected-by-the-procedure\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-4119717374-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>The third party affected by the procedure<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-4119717374-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-4119717374-label\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<p><strong>The third party affected by the proceedings<\/strong> is any natural or legal person who, without being a defendant, injured party or complainant, has his or her rights affected by the criminal proceedings in progress.<\/p>\n<p>This could be a bank whose client&#8217;s accounts have been placed in receivership or which is ordered to produce certain documents. It could also be a person whose telephone connection was monitored because he or she was in contact with an accused person and whose prosecution wishes to place excerpts of the recorded telephone conversations in the file for use as evidence.<\/p>\n<p>The third party affected by the procedure <strong>has the rights of the parties necessary to safeguard his interests<\/strong> (right to be heard, access to the file, &#8230;).<\/p>\n<p><strong>The third party affected by the procedure can thus be assisted by a lawyer<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"banner has-hover\" id=\"banner-1013597237\">\n          <div class=\"banner-inner fill\">\n        <div class=\"banner-bg fill\" >\n                                    <div class=\"overlay\"><\/div>            \n                    <\/div>\n\t\t\n        <div class=\"banner-layers container\">\n            <div class=\"fill banner-link\"><\/div>            \n\n   <div id=\"text-box-1156564366\" class=\"text-box banner-layer x50 md-x50 lg-x50 y50 md-y50 lg-y50 res-text\">\n                                <div class=\"text-box-content text dark\">\n              \n              <div class=\"text-inner text-center\">\n                  \n\n\t<div id=\"text-701584457\" class=\"text\">\n\t\t\n\n<h3>Don&#8217;t put your rights at risk, ask for information or consult us<\/h3>\n\t\t\n<style>\n#text-701584457 {\n  color: #9b2d3a;\n}\n#text-701584457 > * {\n  color: #9b2d3a;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n              <\/div>\n           <\/div>\n                            \n<style>\n#text-box-1156564366 {\n  width: 60%;\n}\n#text-box-1156564366 .text-box-content {\n  font-size: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n    <\/div>\n \n\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n            \n<style>\n#banner-1013597237 {\n  padding-top: 150px;\n  background-color: rgb(255,255,255);\n}\n#banner-1013597237 .overlay {\n  background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);\n}\n<\/style>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-615012217\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1976770198\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<h3 class=\"av-special-heading-tag \">We are at your disposal<\/h3>\n<p>If you do not find the answer to your question, do not hesitate to ask us directly or to make an appointment<\/p>\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1086314971\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1910822679\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/en\/produit\/ask-a-question\/\" class=\"button primary expand\" style=\"border-radius:99px;\">\n\t<i class=\"icon-envelop\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t<span>ASK A QUESTION ONLINE<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-60184129\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-60184129 {\n  padding-top: 5px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/en\/online-appointment\/\" class=\"button primary expand\" style=\"border-radius:99px;\">\n\t<i class=\"icon-clock\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t<span>Make an appointment<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1705871585\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<div class=\"flex_column av-b9inrs-ce508f6bd3f36e98467d411bf97d2031 av_one_half avia-builder-el-8 el_after_av_toggle_container el_before_av_one_half first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding \">\n<div class=\"av-special-heading av-3ryf0d-d79fb171b455521fc06e99e7c698372e av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote avia-builder-el-9 el_before_av_sidebar avia-builder-el-first av-inherit-size \">\n<h3 class=\"av-special-heading-tag \">In relation to the subject<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n  \n    <div class=\"row large-columns-1 medium-columns-1 small-columns-1 row-xsmall row-full-width\" >\n  <div class=\"col post-item\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box box-default box-text-bottom box-blog-post has-hover\">\n          \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text text-left is-small\" style=\"padding:0 0px 0px 0px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text-inner blog-post-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"post-title is-large \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/en\/faq-criminal-procedure\/if-i-keep-silent-could-it-backfire\/\" class=\"plain\">If I keep silent, could it backfire?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"col post-item\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box box-default box-text-bottom box-blog-post has-hover\">\n          \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text text-left is-small\" style=\"padding:0 0px 0px 0px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text-inner blog-post-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"post-title is-large \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/en\/faq-criminal-procedure\/what-is-an-evidence-requisition\/\" class=\"plain\">What is an evidence requisition?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"col post-item\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box box-default box-text-bottom box-blog-post has-hover\">\n          \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text text-left is-small\" style=\"padding:0 0px 0px 0px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text-inner blog-post-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"post-title is-large \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/en\/faq-criminal-procedure\/my-company-suspects-that-funds-are-being-misappropriated-by-one-or-more-employees-what-can-my-company-do\/\" class=\"plain\">My company suspects that funds are being misappropriated by one or more employees. What can my company do?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1150681704 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"parent":17026,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-blank.php","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17038","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17038","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17038"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17038\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17026"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/penalex.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17038"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}